With 70% of the worldвЂ™s population likely to be living in urban areas by 2050 and with climate change making weather and natural resource distributions more volatile, reducing risks and enhancing resilience of vital infrastructures in our increasingly densely populated urban environments is of crucial concern everywhere (Ahern 2011 Staddon 2010). The programme aims to help practitioners involved in critical infrastructure to make decisions differently, contributing to a safer and better world. This research was undertaken for the Resilience Shift initiative to shift the approach to resilience in practice for critical infrastructure sectors. Although progress surmounting these challenges has been made, more needs to be done to ensure that GI approaches are inclusive and appropriate and feature equally alongside more traditional вЂgreyвЂ™ infrastructure in the future of urban resilience planning.

We highlight ways in which these challenges are being dealt with around the world, particularly through the use of approaches that are both context appropriate and socially inclusive. We then examine five key challenges for the effective implementation of GI that include (1) standards (2) regulation (3) socio-economic factors (4) financeability and (5) innovation. After briefly reviewing key resilience engineering perspectives and summarising some green infrastructure (GI) tools, we present the contributions that GI can make to enhancing urban resilience and maintaining critical system functionality across complex integrated socialвЂ“ecological and technical systems.

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